Abstract：Understanding the cultural concerns of libraries based on automatic image analysis Purpose Photographs are a kind of cultural heritage and very useful for cultural and historical studiesHowevertraditional or manual research methods are costly and cannot be applied on a large scaleThis paper aims to present an exploratory study for understanding the cultural concerns of libraries based on the automatic analysis of large-scale image collectionsDesignmethodologyapproach In this workan image dataset including 85023 images preserved and shared by 28 libraries is collected from the Flickr Commons projectThena method is proposed for representing the culture with a distribution of visual semantic concepts using a state-of-the-art deep learning technique and measuring the cultural concerns of image collections using two metricsCase studies on this dataset demonstrated the great potential and promise of the method for understanding large-scale image collections from the perspective of cultural concernsFindings The proposed method has the ability to discover important cultural units from large-scale image collectionsThe proposed two metrics are able to quantify the cultural concerns of libraries from different perspectivesOriginalityvalue To the best of the authorsknowledgethis is the first automatic analysis of images for the purpose of understanding cultural concerns of librariesThe significance of this study mainly consists in the proposed method of understanding the cultural concerns of libraries based on the automatic analysis of the visual semantic concepts in image collectionsMoreoverthis paper has examined the cultural concernsegimportant cultural unitscultural focustrends and volatility of cultural concernsof 28 librariesLibrary AutomationTo understand the cultural attention of the library through automatic analysis technologyCollection ClassificationClassification or marking of image collection based on the results of automatic analysisRetrieval and IndexingUse the extracted visual semantic concept for image retrieval and indexConsulting ServiceUse AI to query and assistRetrieval and IndexingUse AI to improve search and retrieval functionHoweverthe specific application method does not explain it in detail in the articleso it is not clearThe focus of this article is to use deep learning technology to automatically analyze a large number of image collection to understand the cultural attention of the libraryThis includes the use of deep learning to extract visual semantic concepts from the pictureand use two indicators to measure the cultural attention of image collectionIn additionthis also involves data exploration and model recognitionbecause it needs to excavate and identify important cultural units from a large amount of image data